Season the shrimp: Pat shrimp dry. Toss with 1–2 teaspoons Cajun seasoning, smoked paprika, a pinch of salt, and black pepper.
Set aside.
Cook the pasta: Boil in well-salted water until just al dente. Reserve 1 cup pasta water, then drain.
Sear the shrimp: Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil and 1 tablespoon butter in a large skillet over medium-high. Add shrimp in a single layer.
Cook 1–2 minutes per side until just opaque. Transfer to a plate.
Sauté aromatics: Lower heat to medium. Add remaining oil and butter.
Cook onion and bell pepper until softened, about 4–5 minutes. Stir in garlic for 30 seconds.
Build the sauce: Pour in broth and scrape up browned bits. Simmer 1 minute.
Stir in cream and remaining Cajun seasoning. Simmer gently 2–3 minutes to thicken.
Add cheese and lemon: Off heat, stir in Parmesan until melted. Add lemon zest and a squeeze of juice.
Taste and adjust salt and spice.
Toss with pasta: Add pasta to the skillet. Loosen with splashes of reserved pasta water until the sauce coats every strand.
Finish with shrimp: Return shrimp and any juices to the pan. Warm through 1 minute.
Sprinkle parsley or green onions. Add red pepper flakes if you like extra heat.
Serve: Twist onto plates, top with more Parmesan, and finish with a final squeeze of lemon if desired.