Cook the pasta. Boil in well-salted water until just past al dente so it stays tender when chilled. Drain and rinse under cold water to stop the cooking and cool it down.
Whisk the dressing. In a bowl, combine mayonnaise, sour cream, ranch seasoning, lime juice, chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, and hot sauce if using.
Add a splash of milk or water until it’s creamy and pourable. Season with salt and pepper. It should taste a little bold at this point.
Prep the mix-ins. Halve the tomatoes, dice the red pepper and red onion, rinse the black beans, and thaw or drain the corn.
Chop the cilantro. Dice the avocado last so it stays fresh.
Toss it together. In a large bowl, add the cooled pasta, beans, corn, tomatoes, red pepper, onion, cheese, and cilantro. Pour in about three-quarters of the dressing and toss gently to coat.
Adjust and add avocado. Fold in the avocado and any protein you like.
Add more dressing as needed to fully coat without making it soupy.
Chill. Cover and refrigerate for at least 30–60 minutes. This step helps the flavors meld and the dressing cling to the pasta.
Final taste and serve. Before serving, give it a stir. If it looks a bit dry, loosen with a spoonful of milk or an extra squeeze of lime and a spoonful of dressing.
Taste and add salt, pepper, or more ranch seasoning as needed.