Prep the oven and pan: Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C). Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish or line it with parchment for easy clean-up.
Season the chicken: Pat chicken dry with paper towels.
Season both sides with 1 teaspoon salt and 1/2 teaspoon black pepper. If using large breasts, slice them horizontally to create thinner cutlets for even cooking.
Build the veggie base: In the baking dish, combine tomatoes, red onion, bell pepper, and garlic. Drizzle with olive oil and balsamic vinegar.
Sprinkle with oregano, basil, thyme, and red pepper flakes. Add a pinch of salt and toss to coat.
Nestle in the chicken: Place the seasoned chicken on top of the vegetables. Spoon some of the tomato mixture over the chicken to help keep it moist.
Bake uncovered: Bake for 20 minutes.
The tomatoes will soften and release juices, creating a light sauce.
Add cheese and capers: Remove the dish from the oven. Sprinkle mozzarella and Parmesan over the chicken. Scatter capers over the top if using.
Finish baking: Return to the oven and bake 8–12 minutes more, until the cheese melts and the chicken reaches an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).
Rest and garnish: Let the dish rest for 5 minutes.
Sprinkle with fresh basil. Add a squeeze of lemon over the chicken for brightness, if you like.
Serve: Spoon the pan juices and roasted veggies over the chicken. Pair with a simple green salad, steamed green beans, or a side of whole grains like farro or brown rice.