Preheat and prep: Heat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with 1 teaspoon olive oil or nonstick spray.
Cook the pasta: Boil in well-salted water until just shy of al dente, 1–2 minutes less than package directions.
Drain and set aside; toss with 1 teaspoon olive oil to prevent sticking.
Season the shrimp: Pat dry. Toss with 1 tablespoon olive oil, 1/2 teaspoon salt, 1/4 teaspoon pepper, and Italian seasoning if using.
Sear quickly: Heat a large skillet over medium-high. Add shrimp in a single layer and cook 1 minute per side until just turning opaque.
Transfer to a plate; they will finish in the oven.
Build the Alfredo base: Reduce heat to medium. Add butter to the same skillet. Sauté garlic 30 seconds until fragrant.
Thicken the sauce: Whisk in flour and cook 1 minute.
Slowly stream in cream and broth, whisking to smooth out lumps.
Season and melt: Add red pepper flakes (if using), remaining salt and pepper. Simmer 3–4 minutes, stirring, until slightly thickened and glossy. Off heat, stir in Parmesan until melted.
Combine: In a large bowl, toss pasta with Alfredo sauce and half the mozzarella.
Fold in shrimp (reserve a few for the top if you like).
Assemble the bake: Spread into the prepared dish. Sprinkle remaining mozzarella and a little extra Parmesan on top.
Bake: Cook uncovered 15–18 minutes, until bubbling around the edges and lightly golden on top. For more color, broil 1–2 minutes, watching closely.
Finish and serve: Rest 5 minutes.
Sprinkle with parsley. Serve with lemon wedges for a bright squeeze over each portion.